PART I: Fill-in-the-blank

1. The Gallatin, the Madison, and the Jefferson
2. 70 degrees below zero (Fahrenheit), at Rogers Pass (west of Great Falls), on January 20, 1954
3. Mark Twain/Samuel Clemens
4. Cinnabar, at the end of the Northern Pacific line, while Roosevelt visited Yellowstone Park
5. St. Mary's Mission at Stevensville, established in 1841
6. Harold C. Urey received the award in 1934
7. Bannack, Virginia City, and Helena.
8. "Stay Away Joe," written by Dan Cushman
9. On July 4, 1923, Dempsey won a decision over Gibbons in the 15-round bout
10. Thomas Francis Meagher
11. Butte, America
12. Belle Fligelman Winestine
13. Virginia City, in 1864
14. Mel Ruder of the (Columbia Falls) Hungry Horse News
15. "The Cattle Queen of Montana"
16. The "Flathead Lake Monster" lives in that western Montana lake
17. 1935
18. Thomas J. Walsh
19. In 1894 Helena defeated Anaconda for the victory
20. Isaac "Ike" Gravelle, "Montana's First Unabomber"
21. In order, Alaska, Texas, and California
22. "Gold and silver"
23. Mike Mansfield
24. North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Idaho, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan
25. Helen Piotopowaka Clarke
26. The Gulf of Mexico/Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and Hudson's Bay/the Arctic Ocean
27. 1914
28. The Blackfeet, Rocky Boy's, Fort Belknap, Fort Peck, Northern Cheyenne, Crow, and Flathead
29. Fort Peck, Yellowtail, and Libby, with a lesser nod to Canyon Ferry
30. 1805 and 1806
31. Dave McNally
32. West Yellowstone, Gardiner, Cooke City
33. A. B. "Bud" Guthrie, Jr.
34. Browning
35. The Lewis and Clark Caverns/Morrison Caves
36. Black Eagle, Rainbow, Cochrane, Ryan, and Morony
37. "Lewis and Clark Meeting Indians at Ross' Hole"
38. Ponderosa pine
39. Deer Lodge
40. 1889: Preston H. Leslie, Benjamin F. White, and Joseph K. Toole

PART II: Matching (41-50)

PART III:Multiple Choice

51. a

52. d

53. b

54. d

55. b

56. c

57. a

58. d

59. c

60. b

61. b

62. a

63. d

64. c

65. c

66. d

67. a

68. c

69. d

70. b

PART IV: Essay (71-75)

An excellent (5-point) essay would discuss most, if not all, of the following points.

• The way the "boom" involved both western/central Montana forest-reserve homesteads as well as central/eastern Montana high-plain, prairie homesteads
• The "boom's" reliance on:

1. liberalized federal land legislation
2. the lure of "free land"
3. new agricultural technologies
4. a cycle of unusually wet years
5. the boosterism of railroads, land promoters, and the state
6. lucrative international livestock and grain markets driven by World War I

• The proliferation of homestead towns and new counties across the state
• The change in Montana society from Old West liberal, individualistic, Democrat, and Catholic to conservative, Republican, Protestant, and moralistic
• The long-term implications of dryland farming on lands best suited for livestock grazing
• The end of Montana's "frontier process"
• The beginning of the century-long decline in Montana's agricultural population

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